Walhi Urges Gov`t to Review Large-Scale Mining Permits

TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - The Indonesian Forum for the Environment (Walhi) has urged the government to review mining permits for large-scale companies in addition to implementing the moratorium on new mining permits to prevent environmental damage.

Walhi’s environment research head Pius Ginting said that the moratorium would not have impacts on domestic coal productions that reached 400 million metric tons. Pius suggested that the government should review large-scale permits, particularly coal business mining permits (PKP2B).

Pius revealed coal productions would be marketed domestically due to its plummeting price in the global market. Without the review, Pius added, environmental issues would continue to exist.

“The moratorium is like a loose brake, and it won’t affect coal productions since coal would be marketed domestically. The government must review existing permits, particularly the PKP2B,” Pius said in a press release with the Mining Advocacy Network (Jatam) and Greenpeace Indonesia on Thursday, April 21, 2016.

Pius also urged government to review infrastructure projects that support the coal sector, such as railway in South Sumatera, Central Kalimantan and East Kalimantan, Those projects, Pius claimed, would instead increase coal production significantly.

Jatam coordinator Hendrik Siregar suggested the government to review the 35,000 MW electrification program, since the generation of 20,000 MW would be powered by coal.

“It means the electrification program would need a massive supply of coal,” Hendrik explained.

Walhi, along with Jatam and Greenpeace Indonesia, urged the government to realize its commitment in reducing the greenhouse gas emissions by evaluating mining permits in Indonesia.


BISNIS.COM

http://en.tempo.co/read/news/2016/04/21/056764557/Walhi-Urges-Govt-to-Review-Large-Scale-Mining-Permits

NGO, locals seek to halt Central Java coal power plant project

President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo and his entourage inspect the 2,000-megawatt coal-fired power plant site in Batang, Central Java, on Aug. 28, 2015. The US$4 billion plant is expected to be finished in 2019. Construction of the project was delayed due to land acquisition problems. (JP/Suherdjoko )

An environmental group and residents are intensifying their efforts to pressure the government into canceling a US$4 billion coal power plant project in Batang, Central Java as they fear the plant will cause pollution, spur human rights violations and threaten locals’ livelihoods.

The project management’s failure to meet its fifth deadline for financial closures that fell on April 6, unsettled land acquisition and continuing rights violations may help push the scheme to be scrapped, says Greenpeace Indonesia.

“We demand that President Jokowi cancel the project, given the persisting human rights violations and threat to locals’ livelihood in the last five years,” Greenpeace energy campaigner Desriko Malayu Putra told the media in Jakarta on Thursday.

The power plant, touted as the largest in Southeast Asia, is part of President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo's ambitious plan to add 35,000 MW to the electricity grid by building multiple power plants.

Desriko said the project breached Indonesia’s commitment to tackling climate change.

Indonesian Forum for the Environment (Walhi) research head Pius Ginting said the power plant project would produce air pollution in its surrounding areas. “The project will release about 10.8 million tons of carbon emissions per year. It will adversely impact the climate, human health and cause environmental damage” he said.

The power plant is the first project to be developed under a public-private partnership scheme involving the government and Bhimasena Power Indonesia (BPI) – a consortium consisting of Jakarta-listed PT Adaro Energy, J-Power Electric Power Development Co. Ltd. and Itochu Corp., which won the tender for the Batang project in 2011.

The project has been met with strong resistance from Batang residents. Many have refused to sell their property to make way for it. Farmers who refused to give up their land have reported cases of intimidation and blocked access to their homes.

Karomat, among farmers who claim to having fallen victim to the project, said the blockade to his property had threatened his livelihood.

“We feel unprotected and left out after access to our farm was blocked. When can we cultivate our land again? The government and businesses should not do this [to us],” he said.

With support from local and international environmental organizations, academicians and activists, the locals have appealed to the Japanese government to use its authority and ask Japan’s Bank for International Cooperation as the main investor to cancel its involvement in the project. (sha/bbn)


http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/04/08/ngo-locals-seek-to-halt-central-java-coal-power-plant-project.html

Tentang Dukungan Organisasi Lingkungan Hidup bagi Partai Hijau

Dalam kesempatan mengungkapkan pikiran dan gagasan tentang gagasan organisasi lingkungan hidup ke depan di PDLH WALHI NTT saya mengungkapkan secara terbuka di depan kawan-kawan peserta perlunya organisasi lingkungan hidup mendukung Partai Hijau.
Sejak tahun 1980 organisasi lingkungan hidup sudah membawa beragam persoalan ke DPR, dan eksekutif di daerah dan pusat. Yang diisi oleh partai-partai yang karakter pembelaan lingkungannya tidak solid. Beragam kebijakan silih berganti keluar dari parlemen pusat dan daerah yang tak berpihak pada rakyat.
Karenanya, perjuangan organisasi kita harus diperkaya strateginya dengan strategi politik lingkungan. Melengkapi organisasi lingkungan dengan Partai Hijau. Dan karena oligarki di Indonesia membatasi kemunculan partai alternatif, semua organisasi dan aktivis lingkungan perlu mendukung perluasan dan memajukan kualitas Partai Hijau di Indonesia.
Partai Hijau di Indonesia berbeda kekuatan dengan Partai Hijau Australia. Yang di negeri tersebut tersebut Partai Hijau telah kuat, bahkan bisa lebih kuat dengan organisasi lingkungannya seperti Friends of the Earth Sydney yang justru harus memakai gedung kompleks Partai Hijau di Sydney. Sementara itu di Indonesia, hambatan kekuatan mainstream menghambat kekuatan alternatif dalam politik membuat Partai Hijau Indonesia perlu kita dukung bersama.
WALHI secara kelembagaan secara administratif bukan onderbow Partai Politik. Tapi dalam dukungan dan solidaritas, kita para aktivis dan organisasi lingkungan tak bisa mengabaikan Partai Hijau Indonesia. Menunda-nunda dukungan serius pembentukan Partai Hijau dan partai alternatif lainnya memperlama rakyat tertatih tertatih dalam struktur negara yang strukturnya diiisi oleh personel politik yang tidak solid pendiriannya dalam menghentinkan agenda penyelamatan lingkungan hidup.
Dikirim oleh Bung Pius Ginting pada 22 Februari 2016

NGOs Calls for Tougher Supervision on Mining Permit Issuance

TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - The Anti-Mining-Mafia coalition - which consists of the Indonesian Forum for the Environment (Walhi), Auriga Foundation, SAINS and regional non-governmental organisation SAMPAN - has called on the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) to tighten their supervision on the legality of permits issued to companies in the minerals and coal sector, in order to prove the anti-graft institutions commitment to increase transparency and good-governance in Indonesia.
"Only a small fraction is covered in the first stage of the KPK's Mining Supervision Process [Korsup Minerba]," said the Coalition's spokesperson, Pius Ginting. "KPK should show their commitment by increasing coordination and supervision of the mining sector, and increase its' involvement by monitoring of Contract of Work (KK) permits and Coal Contract of Work concessions (PKP2B) which account for more than 70 percent of national production."The statement was released after KPK announced on Monday, February 15, 2016, that over the past two years, 721 mining permits were revoked or not extended across 12 provinces after Korsup Minerba found irregularities and indications of corruption in almost 70 percent of the permits issued for coal and mineral mining companies by the government.

To socialize their findings and synchronise KPK's efforts to reform the sector, governors from all across Indonesia were invited to the KPK on Monday - but out of the 32 Governors invited by KPK, only 12 attended the event, namely the governors of Riau, South Sumatera, Bangka-Belitung, Jambi, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, and North Maluku. They were also presented a scorecard on their performance, as compiled by the Anti-Mining-Mafia Coalition.

Central Sulawesi came out with the highest performance with 12 permits revoked and significant reduction of overlap of mining operations with conservation areas and an index score of 68. South Kalimantan came last with only one problematic permit revoked and an index score of 32.

The coalition demands KPK to sanction companies that do not comply with existing regulations and called on the anti-graft institution to increase their cooperation with other law-enforcement agencies in increase the efficiency of their efforts.

"The number of permits revoked or not continued so far amounts to around only 20 percent of the total amount that had been recommended for termination. Many mining permits has no clean-and-clear (CNC) status, or problematic in one way or another. Some are operating in forest areas without permit to utilise and some are located in conservation areas," said Timer Manurung from the Anti-Mining-Mafia coalition."Furthermore, the government has no means to verify the validity of company’s production and tax reports. During the supervision period, the government's managed to reap some Rp10 trillion in profits from the minerals and coal sector in the 12 provinces. This is not enough - state losses are still high, and supervision of the mining sector still needs to be ramped up," Timer continued.

The Coalition also demanded that the government pay more attention to the environmental and social impact of the sector - which the Coalition believes the government has almost completely left out of the equation, in discussions relating to the industry.

"Many former mine pits are simply left abandoned, causing fatal accidents and environmental disaster. In East Kalimantan alone, at least 19 children have drowned in abandoned mine pits since 2011," said Pius.

RA

http://en.tempo.co/read/news/2016/02/15/055745159/NGOs-Calls-for-Tougher-Supervision-on-Mining-Permit-Issuance

Walhi denounces coal-fired power plants

Amid the country’s economic slowdown, the Indonesian Forum for the Environment (Walhi) has urged the government to reduce its coal dependency in its plan to build power plants to produce 35,000 Megawatts (MW) of power in the next five years.

The government has lowered its economic growth projection in 2016 from 5.8-6.2 percent to 5.5-6 percent, below the projection included in PLN’s 2013-2022 master plan of 6.9 percent.

Based on the PLN projection, electricity demand is predicted to reach 7,000 MW per year, hence the government’s plan to produce 35,000 MW of power in the next five years.

“The economic slowdown is the perfect moment to conserve natural resources instead of exploiting them massively. Developing renewable energy is more suitable because the social and environmental costs of fossil fuel actually slows down economic growth itself,” Walhi executive director Abetnego Tarigan said.

Walhi energy campaigner Pius Ginting said that coal-fired power plants (PLTUs) had been found to reduce the productivity of people living within their vicinity.

“In our study during August 2015, Walhi found that farmers’ productivity declined in Jepara, Cirebon, due to dust from the burning of coal in power plants,” he told The Jakarta Post on Wednesday. “Fine particles called PM2.5 and PM10 produced by PLTUs are extremely dangerous to health. Their ultra-fine size enables them to enter the bloodstream.”

A recent study by Harvard University has found that increasing the number of PLTUs from 42 to 159 will increase the risk of death from air pollutants in Indonesia.

The government plans to build some 117 PLTUs in the next decade to meet the demand for more power.

The study revealed that air pollutants from the burning of coal at 42 existing power plants resulted in at least 6,500 deaths per year from strokes, heart and lung cancers and other respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.

This number would rise to 15,700 if the 117 new plants were constructed. The 117 new plants do not include other plants that the current government plans to install in its ambition to produce another 20,000 megawatts of energy. The ambitious project includes the construction of the controversial plant in Batang, Central Java, which continues to face protests from locals in the area.

Besides their hazardous impact on health, PLTUs also increased costs for other sectors, such as the salt industry, said Pius.

“Salt water used in salt ponds turns black due to the activities of PLTUs as well as coal loading and unloading from ships,” he said. “This increases costs and time needed for salt farmers to clean the water.”

Pius added that PLTUs also affected plant life, with leaves turning black and dust covering their stomata and reducing their productivity.

It was, therefore, crucial for the government to alter its 35,000 MW electricity project as it was currently dominated by PLTUs in Java, accounting for 12,400 MW, he said.

Hans Nicholas Jong, The Jakarta Post, Jakarta

http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/09/10/walhi-denounces-coal-fired-power-plants.html

'Free for Some' - the Freeport mine

The Environment & Traditional Landowners

https://soundcloud.com/amazydaze/free-for-some-the-freeport-mine-part-1-the-environment-traditional-landowners

Part 1 of a two-part program (made in 2010 for 3CR Radio's 'Earth Matters') on the massive resource extraction operation at the heart of West Papua’s human rights and environmental tragedy. This first part looks at the huge impacts of the mine on the environment and the traditional landowners in the area where it operates.

Human Rights 

https://soundcloud.com/amazydaze/free-for-some-the-freeport-mine-part-2-human-rights

The military, the mine in the sky and its multibillion dollar blind eye - the second part of a two-part program (made in 2010 for 3CR Radio's 'Earth Matters') focuses on the mining company’s complicity in state terror carried out by Indonesian security forces over decades. Featuring music by Papuan artists courtesy of Bridie Music.

***

Freeport, Kamoro, West Papua, Abigail Abrash, John Braithwaite, John Ondawame, Pius Ginting, 

Grasberg, Amungme, Human Rights, Indonesian Military, Richard Chauvel, Kylie McKenna, Diarmid O'Sullivan, 

Bridie Music, Kwalik Chant, Mambo Simbo

Indonesia Stakes its Future on Coal

By: Pius Ginting, Head of Research, WALHI/Friends of the Earth Indonesia

In 2014, for the first time in 17 years, Indonesia’s coal production declined. After an average annual increase in production of 14% per year over the past decade, last year’s production fell by 39 million tonnes, or 8% compared to 2013. This decrease was significant, equivalent to the cessation of operations of the third largest mining company in Indonesia.

Reduction in the use of coal for energy is now occurring in the United States and China due to environmental considerations. China has begun to reduce imports of coal and is decreasing coal generation due to air pollution concerns Last year, for the first time ever, coal use in China actually decreased by 1.4% while the economy grew by 7.3%. This decoupling of coal growth with economic growth is hugely significant in the country which has accounted for 80% of global demand growth since 2000.

Analysts such as Tim Buckley of the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis have pointed to how the massive shifts that are currently happening in China’s energy markets are likely to result in peak coal in China over the next five years, and a steady decrease in imports. This, combined with the changes that are happening in India’s energy markets, point to a structural decline in the seaborne thermal coal market. With the market heavily oversupplied, and coal prices low, continuing to rely on coal exports makes no economic sense for Indonesia.

This is even more apparent when you look at the health impacts of the current coal mining boom in Indonesia. Indonesian coal mining provinces such as South Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, South Sumatra and Bengkulu have reported high numbers of acute respiratory tract infections. Unfortunately, there is an absence of regular reporting on health impacts of coal dust. According to the World Health Organisation, 7 million deaths occur each year due to air pollution. There is evidence in other countries of the health impacts of coal mining on surrounding communities.

Yet instead of addressing these issues, Indonesia’s new President Joko Widodo is staking the country’s future on a massive increase in coal-fired generating capacity. The government has announced plans to add 42,000 MW of new electricity capacity to the grid by 2024, around half of which would be from coal.

Currently, Indonesia is the world’s third largest emitter of greenhouse gases in the world, due to deforestation. However, the National Council on Climate Change has stated that if coal fired generation increases at the rate predicted by the President, greenhouse gas emissions will exceed those from the forestry sector by 2030, threatening to wipe out any gains in the forestry sector.

Luckily, President Jokowi’s targets for expansion of coal fired generation capacity seem completely unrealistic. In 2006, Indonesia’s first “fast track” program to expand capacity by 10,000 MW is still mired in delays, with only 60% completed to date. However, by having an energy policy driven by coal, renewable energy will be hampered in the country, and will send Indonesia in the opposite direction to most of the rest of the world. To achieve its targets, the electricity utility PLN needs $90 billion in investment. Raising this amount of money will not be easy.

In 2015 the government still gives subsidies of $5.2 billion per year to PLN. It is ironic from the environmental perspective that the Jokowi Government has eliminated oil fuel subsidies, but continues to give subsidies for coal plant construction. The government is also supportive of building coal infrastructure such as coal railways in Central Kalimantan and South Sumatra that would open up huge new tracts of land to coal mining.

If the government does indeed increase the share of coal in the power mix from 54% in 2014 to 64% in 2019, then Indonesia will need a total of 200 million tonnes of coal per year, an increase of almost 120 million tonnes per year.

A ray of hope is coming from the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), who in 2014 teamed up with the Ministries of Forestry, Environment and Transportation and the Tax Directorate to conduct an investigation of all locally-issued mining permits in 12 provinces of Indonesia, including five provinces with large coal mining operations – South Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan and East Kalimantan, and South Sumatra and Jambi.

The KPK is working with local and provincial governments to investigate compliance surrounding issues such as payment of taxes and royalties, post-mining reclamation, forestry, and the use of legal or illegal ports. As a result, the program has resulted in the revocation of 34 coal mining licenses in East Kalimantan and 58 in South Sumatra. There is also a similar process being undertaken for nationally-issued licenses to the big mining companies, called Coal Contracts of Work.

Exerting government control over the legality of coal mining operations and stopping illegal coal shipments can be a first step towards reduction of coal production and towards sustainable economic development and renewable energy. However, the government must also develop a renewable energy strategy with appropriate incentives to massively scale up investment in renewable energy, to avoid the massive pollution that will inevitably come from a suite of new coal plants.

http://endcoal.org/2015/04/indonesia-stakes-its-future-on-coal/

http://tcktcktck.org/2015/04/pius-ginting-indonesia-stakes-its-future-on-coal/

Jurnal: Grim Portraits of Bangka Belitung Tin Mining

Demanding global, national and local responsibility to restore Bangka Belitung island following negative tin mining impacts.


A publication by Friends of The Earth Indonesia 2014
Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia (WALHI)
in collaboration with Friends of the Earth Netherlands (Milieudefensie)

Written by Pius Ginting, Ratno Budi, Khalisah Khalid,
Edited by Evert Hassink and Iris Maher

Unduh Milieudefensie Rapport WALHI J-LR PDF

WALHI Report: Consequences of Tin Mining in Indonesia still Dramatic for People and Nature

AMSTERDAM, 11 November 2014 – A report by Friends of the Earth Indonesia (WALHI) and its Dutch affiliate Friends of the Earth Netherlands (Milieudefensie) shows that companies producing mobile phones, tablets and laptops, are using tin that is mined at the expense of people and nature. The report, named ‘Grim Portraits of Bangka Belitung Tin Mining’, describes how tin mining in Bangka and Belitung is continuously causing victims among the local inhabitants. Subsidence, radioactive dust and malaria take their toll in the archipelago, and the environmental damage is growing by the day. One positive note is that after several campaigns by Friends of the Earth, many manufacturers of smartphones and laptops have now joined a project by the Sustainable Trade Initiative (IDH) that aims to make tin mining less harmful.

Radioactivity, occupational accidents and environmental damage

The radioactive dust that is released during the extraction of tin causes an increasing number of cases of lung cancer. Radiation levels in Bangka and Belitung are three to five times the normal rate. This radioactivity is mainly caused by the extraction of tin. Furthermore, an average of one victim a week is made by tin mining on the island of Bangka. Friends of the Earth Indonesia is registering the cases that are reported in the media – more than twenty in the first six months of 2014. Less visible are the victims that are made by malarial mosquitoes that thrive on the mudflats and lakes that remain after tin mining. As Pius Ginting, campaigner mining and energy of Wahli, says: “It is statutory that used tin mines be filled up, but this hardly ever happens – what is left is a wasteland and it is a crime in itself that this is not being acted against.”

Destruction of nature

After decades of intensive tin mining, the Bangka and Belitung tin resources are becoming exhausted. The mining companies are now extracting tin from protected forests on a large scale, as it appears from the Friends of the Earth inventory. Approaching from the sea, they are dredging complete mangrove woods in search of the precious metal. A little further at sea, coral reefs are being destroyed by tin-dredgers. Half of the coral is now destroyed, causing dramatic consequences for the fish stocks and local fishermen.

Lack of sustainability is killing local economy

The speed in which Indonesian tin resources are being exploited (one third of the world’s tin production is from Bangka and Belitung) is turning large parts of the islands into a moonscape. Croplands are being excavated, rivers and groundwater have become unfit for agriculture, and therefore local farmers are forced to go into tin mining as well. As a result, agriculture is pining as tin resources are running out as well. The local inhabitants will be left empty-handed. Ginting: “In this part of the world, the exploitation of people an nature has become a necessity in order to support the lifestyle of the prosperous part of this planet – even children are being used to supply the world with cheap tin.” Ginting is travelling through Europe. Today and tomorrow he will be in The Netherlands.

Sustainable Trade Initiative (IDH)

Over the past year, Friends of the Earth and electronics multinationals like Apple, Samsung, Sony and Microsoft have been discussing ways to be able to work more sustainably in Bangka. This week, the contracts for the next phase have been signed. As Evert Hassink, campaign leader Resources, says: “We are pleased that after all the talking, now finally something is actually being done on the island of Bangka. Now, local companies in Bangka can make arrangements with IDH about the delivery of more responsibly extracted tin. That is an important, and possibly unique, step and will hopefully set an example that will be followed elsewhere.”

Note:
For the printed report, royalty-free photographs and video materials, and interviews with Pius Ginting (Walhi) and Evert Hassink (Milieudefensie, +31 6 51 080 994), contact Friends of the Earth Netherlands’ Press Office: +31 20 550 73 33 or persvoorlichting[at]milieudefensie.nl

Artikel: Indonesia Needs to Save Bangka and Belitung Islands From Tin Curse

(JG Graphics/Josep Tri Ronggo)

The world depends on tin from Bangka and Belitung. These two Indonesian islands provide a third of the tin available on the world market. And tin is everywhere nowadays: without Indonesian tin, people around the world would not be able to enjoy their electronic gadgets.

Bangka and Belitung have long played a key role in global tin production, at least since Vincent Gildemeester van Tuyll van Serooskerken and John Francis Loudon founded the NV Billiton Maatschappij in the 1850s, after realizing how rich the tin deposits on Billiton Island (Belitung) were. After the war of independence against the Dutch, Indonesia took over the company’s activities on Bangka and Belitung. And decades later, the Billiton International Metals Company merged into BHP Billiton, which is currently the largest mining company in the world.

Resource curse

Indonesia still is the proud supplier of tin, a resource that is only becoming more important in modern life. Unfortunately, however, there is less reason to be proud of the way this tin is being mined.

The beautiful Bangka and Belitung islands are currently being transformed from a prime tourist destination into a wasteland. Fertile land is turned into thousands of craters that become sources of malaria. Fish stocks and coral reefs are being destroyed by dredgers and tin-sucking ships. Fisher folks in our interviews reported that their catches had fallen by 80 percent.

Accidents happen weekly, with informal miners dying in landslides and in accidents on the bottom of the sea. These are all costs of tin production that are not being taken into account.

Since tin mining has been done for a long time without proper rehabilitation and good environmental management, tin mining in Bangka and Belitung has a negative net value for society. According to a 2013 evaluation by Indonesia’s Environment Ministry, the net present value benefit from tin mining in West Bangka district was minus Rp 336 trillion ($28.5 billion) over the 2007-12 period. This negative number is caused by the high costs of health impacts, payments for clean water as an alternative for polluted water, and funds needed to manage decreasing productivity in non-mining sectors such as agriculture and fishery, due to erosion and land pollution caused by mining activities.

Sadly, our field observations show that these conditions — all part of the local resource curse — occur in all districts of Bangka that produce tin.

Per capita, people from Bangka-Belitung Islands province are among Indonesia’s top consumers of fish. The area also produces the unique and famed Muntok white pepper.

But if tin mining in the province is not managed well, its people will face environmental and economic collapse in the near future, and especially in the post-mining era. Deposits are depleting fast and tin is already becoming scarce on-shore.

Big corporations

Environmental organizations have demanded that major electronics brands like Apple, Samsung, Philips and Sony support a less destructive form of tin mining. A tin working group has been established in 2013. And after a research phase, the group now plans further engagement with mining companies, authorities and local stakeholders on Bangka to develop a system that will support responsible miners.

On-shore, the solutions are obvious. Proper land-use planning and rehabilitation of former mine sites — both in consent with local villagers — will make a difference for nature and agriculture.

But off-shore, a solution is not yet in sight. An approach to mitigate the destruction of the sea around Bangka caused by tin dredgers and suckers needs to be developed and implemented urgently. As long as there is no answer to the current destruction, off-shore mining should be forbidden. The situation around Belitung, where an off-shore mining ban is in place, and where the sea is still blue and transparent and where tourism flourishes, should be the example.

The tin working group is the result of the efforts of the Indonesian Forum for the Environment (Walhi), which rung the alarm bell in the global Friends of the Earth Network and in Western media. This was the start of a campaign that convinced global brands to take their responsibility.

The international public has paid attention, through petitions, plenty of media of coverage, and protests at offices of electronics brands, for instance recently at the Microsoft office in Amsterdam. It is important for major electronics brands in the tin working group, like LG, Blackberry and Acer, to take immediate action and for other brands to join the effort.

Tin sourcing from important areas, such as conservation forests and fishery catchment areas, can be stopped if we act quickly and more brands join the effort. The companies in the Tin Working Group also want to ensure that they do not use tin from sites that are not safe for workers and will be involved in the environmental rehabilitation of mining sites in Bangka and Belitung.

Chance to score

But neither chief sustainability officers nor multinationals can save Bangka from an ecological disaster. The national and regional governments are, in the long term, the only institutions that can ensure a future for Bangka. They can set and enforce the rules that guide miners and businessmen towards better mining practices. The government can also improve supply-chain transparency in the mining sector. This will enable businesses to reward companies that mine in a more responsible way than others.

But the government should act now, as CSO campaigns do not last forever and businesses in the end are in the game for the money.

The coming years are crucial as the tasks of regulators will be less burdensome now that even global brands demand that their tin suppliers work responsibly. The Indonesian president and his administration play a major role in transforming the mining sector, and not only in tin mining. President-elect Joko Widodo, set to be inaugurated on Oct. 20, can and should show that the Indonesian state is able to score, now that CSOs and major corporations have kicked the ball in front of the goal.

Pius Ginting is head of research at Walhi--Friends of the Earth Indonesia.
Evert Hassink is a mining campaigner at Friends of the Earth Netherlands.

Jakarta Globe: Indonesia Needs to Save Bangka and Belitung from Tin Curse

Pius Ginting & Tom Evans: True Cost of Chevron

Recount of the Chevron AGM in San Ramon, CA as told by international delegates from across the globe.

True Cost of Chevron Around the Globe

5/24/11 press event in San Francisco, where community leaders from Nigeria, Angola, Ecuador, Indonesia, Alaska, Texas, across California, and other communities that are negatively impacted by Chevron's operations gathered at a Chevron gas station to expose the harms Chevron causes in the communities where they and their members live, work and play.

https://www.flickr.com/photos/justiceinnigerianow/albums/72157626798205140

Days before oil giant’s annual shareholder meeting, local and international community leaders from Nigeria to Ecuador to Richmond reveal firsthand reality of Chevron’s operations are not what is seen on TV.

- Interview Available Now -

WHAT: Press Conference, Report Release, and Chevron Toxic Tour
WHEN: Tuesday, May 24 at 10am
WHERE:
Starts at Chevron Gas Station
1298 Howard Street (9th & Howard)
San Francisco, CA 94103-2712

WHY: On May 25, dozens of local, national, and international community leaders and advocates from and for communities harmed by Chevron’s operations from Angola, Ecuador, Indonesia, Nigeria, Alaska, Texas, and more will attend the company’s annual shareholder meeting in San Ramon, California while supporters rally outside to demand that Chevron agree to change its ways.

As oil and gasoline prices -- and public outrage at the generous government subsidies handed out daily to the oil industry – are on the rise, Fortune Magazine announced that for the fourth year in a row, Chevron -- California’s largest company -- is the nation’s third largest corporation and the world’s sixth largest. Chevron brought in nearly $20 billion in profits last year. What did it do with its vast wealth? According to its Annual Report and the actors in its “We Agree” Ad campaign, Chevron supported human rights, alternative energy, the environment, and local economies.

The reality is much different and the people who know best will expose the true cost of Chevron in three ways:

1. With the release of The True Cost of Chevron: An Alternative Annual Report.

Embargoed until May 24, the report includes accounts by more than 40 authors – led by those on the front lines of Chevron’s operations -- recording egregious corporate behavior in locations as diverse as California, Burma, Colombia, Ecuador, Kazakhstan, Nigeria, the Philippines and the U.S. Gulf Coast, including new sections detailing Chevron’s pursuit of ever-riskier and ever-deeper offshore projects in the South China Sea, the North Sea, and the Canadian Arctic and its role in the Deepwater Horizon disaster. The report also profiles the historic victory and ongoingbattle over Chevron's crimes in Ecuador.



2. Many report authors have traveled to the Bay Area to be available to speak at the Press Conference, including:

Humberto Piaguaje, Amazon Defense Coalition, Ecuador
Emem Okon, Kebetkache Women Development and Resource Centre, Nigeria
Elias Isaac, Open Society Initiative, Angola
Jessica Tovar, Communities for a Better Environment, Oakland, CA
Mardan Pius Ginting, WALHI - Friends of the Earth Indonesia, Indonesia
Gitz Crazyboy (Ryan Deranger), First Nation Dene/Pikini (Blackfoot), Alberta, Canada
Antonia Juhasz, Global Exchange, San Francisco, CA, co-editor of the True Cost of Chevron report.



3. Following the press conference, a Toxic Tour of Chevron’s operations in Richmond will be led by local activists for the press and our national and international allies.

Extra info:
Contact: Antonia Juhasz True Cost of Chevron antonia@globalexchange.org 415-846-5447


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Chevron in Indonesia - An Alternative 2010 Annual Report

Pius Ginting, WALHI - Friends of the Earth Indonesia

“Let me die here. There is no use for me to stay alive. Chevron does not care about my land. The company is very cruel.”

- Words yelled by Mr Darmiadi in an attempted suicide from a Chevron electricity tower, September 14, 2009.[345]

The majority of Chevron’s oil production has, and continues to, take place in the Riau province in the center of the Sumatra Island, where it operates four onshore blocks, the largest of which, the Duri field, is one of the world’s giant oilfields and one of the largest steamflood operations.[347]

Today, Chevron, through its Chevron Pacific Indonesia (CPI) subsidiary (formerly Caltex Pacific Indonesia), is Indonesia’s largest oil producer, with total daily production averaging 477,000 barrels of oil and 611 million cubic feet of natural gas in 2010.[348] Chevron’s Indonesian operations include oil, natural gas and geothermal power-generation.

Chevron Gets an Award in 2010! 

TATA HAIRA

Spilled oil resulting from an October 2010 oil pipeline
explosion in Manggala Jonson Village.
Two local girls suffered burn wounds in the explosion.

In November 2010, Chevron received an impressive award from Indonesia’s Ministry of the Environment. In its environmental performance rating program (PROPER), the Ministry ranked Chevron in its RED category. This designation means that Chevron Pacific Indonesia-Sumatra Light North, Chevron Pacific Indonesia-Sumatra Light South and Chevron Pacific Indonesia-Heavy Oil failed to properly manage the environment based on standard regulations. Chevron has devastated the environment and, as a result, the company is facing sanctions from the government.[354]

Chevron's Oil Pipeline: A Time-Bomb for Local People

On October 28 2010, CPI’s oil pipeline exploded in Manggala Jonson Village, Tanah Putih Sub District, District Rokan Hilir, Riau Province. Two girls, six-year old Wanda and 16-year old Rini, suffered burn wounds.

Local community member Mr. Yunus said that both girls suffered burn wounds because they were covered with hot crude oil from the exploded pipe. Mr. Yunus added that the incident initially sounded like a bomb blast. After recovering from their initial shock, the local community realized that the pipe had exploded and was spurting oil 10 meters high. When the incident happened, a motorbike owned by a local community member was thrown a distance of 15 meters.[355]

TATA HAIRA

Spilled oil resulting from the 2010 pipeline explosion
in Manggala Jonson Village.

Because of the incident, local community members from Manggala Jonson Village suffered from asphyxiation and sore throats. According to one source, who requested to remain anonymous, it is believed that the oil spill contained hazardous waste, which was inhaled by the community. However, the community was somewhat reluctant to speak openly to the media about their health impacts.[356]

According to Mr. Yunus, Chevron and its heavy equipment team came two hours after the explosion to repair the pipe.[357]

A Waste Ditch Overflowed, Local Community Houses Flooded

Also in 2010, local communities in the Rumbai Coastal area complained that their houses were continually flooded due to the overflow of a Chevron waste ditch. The coordinator of the Rumbai Community and Rumbai Coastal area reported this to the police on February 27, 2010. The community has suffered from serious skin problems, but Chevron has not paid any attention.

The Head of the Local Parliament Commission, Aswendi, said that Chevron had promised to clean the ditch. “Obviously, this is Chevron’s responsibility. When we called them (to the Local Parliament House), they promised to undertake dredging to avoid flooding into the community neighborhood. If flooding happens, we will call them again,” said Aswendi.[358]

Mr. Hanafi Kadir, Communications Manager of Chevron Pacific Indonesia said, “this (the flood) is not merely caused by shallowed drainage, but also because of the development impact. There is no more water catchment area. We admit that probably the drainage got shallowed but we have done dredging.”[359]

Land Seizure

On October 25, 2010, seventy-five community members joined the Rantau Bais Terpadu peasant group for a demonstration at the gate to Batang Field, owned by Chevron Pacific Indonesia. For two days, the demonstrators cut off the gate to the oil field on land the company had seized for exploration and exploitation. They hung a banner urging Chevron Pacific Indonesia to leave immediately and they set up a tent in the middle of the road, stopping all vehicles that attempted to go into the location. The demonstration was conducted peacefully, although hundreds of police were equipped with rifles and hand guns.

“Chevron has seized 130 hectares of our land since 2003, even though there are 65 claimants’ letters for the land,” said Masran Djasid, coordinator of community. “There are still 130 out of 600 hectares for which the company has not yet provided compensation. But Chevron has built dozens of oil pumps. Since 2005 Chevron has not displayed any goodwill. In fact, the community conducted a demonstration in February 2010, and sent a complaint to the Head of the District, the Governor, and even the National Parliament. But there has been no solution and the company has been violating its own map.”[360]

Currently, the state-owned Executive Agency for Upstream Oil and Gas (BPMIGAS) is investigating the land conflict between the villagers of Rantau Bais and Chevron. “The legal department of BPMIGAS is studying the conflict. And, in fact, we suspect that there is some land that has not been paid for yet,” said Elan Biantoro, Head of Public Relations for BPMIGAS.[361]

According to the company, Chevron has paid 8.6 billion rupiah (approximately US$ 1 million) for compensation for an area of 457.19 hectares, which consisted of 296 claimants. The company rejected 65 claimants because they were not included the 457.19 hectares.[362] This statement has been criticized by the community, which maintains that the company uses 600 hectares of land. Chevron is violating its own map, says the community.

Since Chevron has not responded to the community’s concerns, the community organized another blockade on November 25, 2010. Arifin Ahmad, Secretary of the Peasant Group Rantau Bais Terpadu, said, “We are forced to blockade the road again because so far Chevron has not been willing to pay compensation for our land.”[363] He added that the community will stay there to maintain the blockade until there is significant change in Chevron Pacific Indonesia’s position. Arifin stated, “If there is no change in Chevron’s position, we will stay here.”[364]

WALHI, together with other networks and the local communities, will continue to end the environmental, social and economic destruction in Riau, and in other provinces in Indonesia.

345	Chevron in Indonesia - An Alternative 2009 Annual Report.
347	Mezlul Arfie, Eduard Marika, Elwin S. Purbodiningrat and Herbert A. Woodard, “Implementation of Slurry Fracture Injection Technology for E&P Wastes at Duri Oilfield,” Society of Petroleum Engineers 96543-PP (2005).
348	Chevron Corp., Indonesia Business Portfolio (Mar. 2011).
354	Alamsyah Pua Sabah, “KPC Dari Hijau Ke Merah,” TAMBANG Magazine, 26 Nov. 2010.
355	Bagus Himawan, “Pipa Minyak Chevron Meledak, Dua Warga Luka Bakar,” Media Indonesia, 28 Oct. 2010.
356	“Akibat Tumpahan Minyak Chevron, Warga Alami Sesak,” Metro Terkini, 28 Oct. 2010.
357	Ibid.
358	Syahrul Mukhlis and Henny Elyati, “Parit Meluap, Warga Lapor Polisi,” Riau Pos, 28 May 2010.
359	Ibid.
360	“Warga Blokir Ladang Minyak Chevron”, Kompas.com, 25 Oct. 2010.
361	“BP Migas Selidiki Kasus Sengketa Lahan Chevron,” Antara News, 26 Oct. 2010.
362	Ibid.
363	“Tuntut Ganti Rugi, Ladang Minyak CPI Kembali Diblokir Warga,” Riau Terkini, 25 Nov. 2010.
364	Ibid.

Govt told to develop renewable energy

Adianto P. Simamora, The Jakarta Post, Jakarta | National

Environmental activists have renewed calls for the government to expedite what they call the “energy revolution”, by increasing the use of renewable energy and phasing out fossil fuels.

The calls were made by Greenpeace, the Indonesian Environmental Forum (Walhi) and the Mining Advocacy Network (Jatam) on Wednesday.

The environmental groups conducted a joint study on the impact of coal-fired power plants in Cilacap in Central Java and Cirebon in West Java, and found that coal’s “footprint” was destructive in many ways, from the mining process to power plants that left local residents mired in poverty with poor access to electricity.

The report, titled Coal Kills, was published last month in Cirebon, when the government was banning Greenpeace’s flagship, the Rainbow Warrior, from entering Indonesian waters.

“Around 80 percent of the 462 people in Cilacap who underwent health checks had respiratory problems ranging from infections to bronchitis caused by coal dust,” Greenpeace climate and energy campaigner Arief Fiyanto said.

The report says local farmers and fisherman in Cirebon also suffered financial losses from coal pollution.

“The government never calculates the external impacts of coal, such as environmental damage or forest loss caused by coal mining,” he said.

Walhi energy campaigner Pius Ginting said the government should phase out the use of coal as an energy source if Indonesia wants to cut emissions and prevent climate change.

“Coal is no longer suitable as an energy source given the damage it causes,” he said.

Indonesia, one of the biggest global producers of coal, has coal deposits of up to 109,940 billion tons in South Sumatra, East Kalimantan and South Kalimantan.

In 2009, Indonesia produced about 263 million tons of coal, of which 230 million tons was exported, making Indonesia the biggest coal exporter after Australia.

Climate experts have blamed the burning of coal-based fuels as the main contributor to global warming.

Greenpeace renewable energy affairs campaigner, Hindun Mulaika, said the government should revolutionize its energy policy by shifting the country to renewable energy sources.

Hindun said Indonesia had abundant sources of renewable energy such as water, wind and solar power, but those sources remained untapped because of a lack of relevant government policy.

“There must be a breakthrough on regulations to promote renewable energy resources, such as eliminating subsidies given to coal-based fuels. Otherwise, Indonesia will never move to use renewable energy,” she said.

The Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry has set up a new directorate general on new and renewable energy and energy conservation.

Indonesia currently produces about 4.1 million kiloliters of bioethanol and 120,000 kiloliters of biodiesel per year.

The government also expects to boost geothermal energy in its power sector.

Indonesia’s geothermal capacity is estimated to be around 28,000 megawatts, but only 5 percent of this capacity has been developed.

http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/11/04/govt-told-develop-renewable-energy.html

Chevron in Indonesia - An Alternative 2009 Annual Report

Hariansyah Usman and Pius Ginting, WALHI - Friends of the Earth Indonesia

“Let me die here. There is no use for me to stay alive. Chevron does not care about my land. The company is very cruel.”

- Words yelled by Mr Darmiadi in an attempted suicide
from a Chevron electricity tower, September 14, 2009.[333]

ON SEPTEMBER 14TH, 2009, MR. DARMIADI climbed atop a Chevron high voltage electricity tower in Pematang Pudu. Darmiadi, age 37, is a local sand miner and father of two. He was unable to work on his land because, he contended, it had been contaminated by Chevron’s oil. Two months earlier, Darmiadi sent a letter to Chevron asking the company to take responsibility. The company denied his request, denied responsibility, and further argued that because Chevron owned part of his land, Darmiadi should not be sand mining on the land anyway.[334] Twenty-one days later, Darmiadi sought to commit suicide from atop Chevron’s tower. Only the supportive words of neighbors brought him down safely.

Chevron has been in Indonesia for more than 85 years. It began exploring for oil here in 1924 as Standard Oil of California. Its oil production began in 1952. Chevron remained active in Indonesia throughout the infamously brutal and repressive decades of the Suharto dictatorship (1965-1998). The majority of Chevron’s oil production has, and continues to, take place in the Riau province in the center of the Sumatra Island, where it operates four onshore blocks, the largest of which, the Duri field, is one of the largest energy sources in the world.[335]

Today, Chevron, through its Chevron Pacific Indonesia (CPI) subsidiary (formerly Caltex Pacific Indonesia), is Indonesia’s largest oil producer, with daily oil production averaging around 243,000 barrels of oil a day, about half of Indonesia’s total oil output. Chevron’s Indonesian operations include oil, natural gas and geothermal power-generation.

History of Repression and Resistance

If the average price of the crude oil from 1952-2008 were $20 per barrel, it would mean that Chevron’s Riau production has yielded some $220 billion. The Riau Economic Observer has found that, “If oil and gas companies indeed brought a good impact on the economy for local inhabitants, it should have affected Riau inhabitants 30 years ago. However, statistical data show that Riau was categorized the second most disadvantaged province in Indonesia in the 1980s.”[336]

Instead of wealth generation, Chevron’s Riau production has been plagued by economic injustice, environmental destruction, and the dislocation and disenfranchisement of indigenous populations. As a result, citizen resistance to Chevron has been a constant of life in Riau, often taking the form of massive protests against the company, with protestors at times numbering in the tens of thousands.

Chevron has employed brutal measures to quiet protests, including utilizing Indonesia’s notorious security services, bringing charges of human rights abuse, violence and intimidation.[337] For example, on January 27, 2000, Chevron paid the special Indonesia security force BRIMOB to overcome a series of actions and protests over land disputes and employment.[338] The BRIMOB are well-known for extreme human rights violations, including kidnapping, rape, torture, indiscriminate violence and murder.[339] As a result of the brutality of BRIMOB, 15 people involved in the protests against Chevron were wounded and five were hospitalized.[340]

Sakai Tribe and Its River

Ditch to the Batang Pudu river. The surrounding land
is contaminated, but Chevron covered it with sand
so the land looks good.

“Our last fort defense is the Batang Pudu river. It is like a war, if our last fort defense is ruined, then it will become the end of the world for us. The remaining option is only death or never ending misery that we shall take.” - Bathin Musa, the head of Sakai Tribe at Petani Village, Bengkalis.[341]

The Sakai people are one of several Indigenous peoples in the Riau province. Other Indigenous communities include the Bonai, Talang Mamak, Laut, Akit and Hutan. The community life of the Sakai includes living on products of the forest, keeping livestock, fishing and planting gardens.[342]

The Sakai tribe was the original owner of the land on which Chevron’s oil and gas was found.[343] The Sakai owned the Minas, Belutu, Tingaran, Sinangan, Semunai, Panaso and Borumban areas of land. “Almost all the land at CPI was indeed our ulayat (customary) land, where we went for hunting and farming... The land acquisition by Caltex came from some Sakai people who sold their land, or came from land grabbing with very low compensation or even no compensation at all. From hundreds of thousands of hectare acres, we now only have five thousand hectare acres left.”[344]

Water and Land Contamination

The inhabitants of Riau have been plagued by contamination of their land and water by Chevron’s oil, making traditional methods of subsistence impossible and causing dire health effects.

In 1993, the villagers of Sungai Limau together with WALHI-Riau charged Chevron with contaminating the Siak and Limau Rivers. In a letter to the government and Caltex, they wrote:

The Sungai Limau villagers reported problems almost identical to those cited by the Mempura villagers. Oil is often visible in and around the rivers, and the rivers’ fish population has declined so much that they can no longer fish in them. A number of villagers have contracted rashes, diarrhea and other sicknesses as a result of the oil pollution.[345]

The abuse was so great that the citizens were willing to face the enormous risk of raising such complaints during the Suharto dictatorship, a time when protest, or resistance of any kind against the government or a corporation, brought substantial repression, even death. While Chevron ultimately agreed to give compensation to villagers, it was far below the villagers’ demands.[346]

Chevron's hazardous and poisonous waste disposal.
The study shown revealed destruction of the ecosystem
caused by ongoing contamination.

In 2007, people in Batang Pudu village found hidden pipes around Chevron’s Central Mud Treating Facility (CMTF) at Arak Field. They witnessesed and smelled black water coming out from the pipe to Batang Pudu river. At the upper edge of the river, there was also black mud sediment from Chevron’s oil drilling. In January 2008, Mr. Atin, a fisherman from the Sakai tribe in Bengkalis Riau died after coughing blood for several months. He was the second fisherman to die in the village with these symptoms. The suspicion grew at the community that the death was caused by the polluted river where the fishermen work everyday, a river they believe to be contaminated by toxic waste from Chevron.

In response, the Sakai people at Pematang Pudu, together with WALHI, called on the local government to fix the situation, cite Chevron for the environmental damage, and investigate the site. The subsequent investigation identified four illegal toxic waste disposals.[347] Based on the sample of waste tested by an expert from the Agriculture University in Bogor West Java (IPB), there was evidence of environmental pollution at Pematang Pudu, Mandau sub district. The concentration of chemical material in the ditch was above the acceptable levels, especially for the chlorine and sulfate.[348]

The agency of environmental impact analysis (Bapedal Riau) found Chevron guilty.[349] Furthermore, the environmental impact analysis report released by BPK RI (The Audit Board of The Republic Indonesia) also found and highlighted violations of the environmental quality standard stipulated by government.[350] However, no action has been taken by either the government or Chevron to right this situation.

What Chevron Says

Chevron has rejected the accusations from the Sakai community. It claims to be the most progressive company in terms of preserving the environment and public health. The Manager of Communications and Media Relations, Hanafi Kadir, says that Chevron handles its waste very carefully, contracting its waste management to another company (PT Karya Lestari Perkasa). Regarding the skin diseases suffered by the local community at Tonggak Delapan village, Hanafi Kadir also refuses the community’s allegation that the disease is caused by polluted air from Chevron.[351]

In 2009, the Indonesian government issued a new environmental protection and management regulation. Rather than comply with the regulation, Chevron fought back. Chevron Senior Vice President of Sumatra Operations Support, A. Hamid Batubara, expressed particular concern over the new regulation’s air and water pollution controls, saying that implementation would have a deleterious effect on Chevron’s production totals.”[352] In response to Chevron’s protests, the Minister of Energy and Mineral resources, Darwin Zahedy Saleh, seems prepared to weaken the law.[353] The government also proposed delaying the new law.[354]

The Struggle Continues

Chevron’s great influence over the Indonesian government continues to this day. Even including forcing it to “overlook” its own regulations, to the great detriment of local communities, and even local governments.

The Sakai tribe’s demand is simple. They want environmental restoration and compensation for their loss of income from the polluted river. They do not want money, they want land on which to earn their own living. But, to date, there has been no significant response by Chevron to the peoples’ demands.

WALHI, together with other networks and the local communities, will continue to end the environment, social and economic destruction in Riau, and in other provinces in Indonesia.


333 “Darmiadi Nekad Panjat Tower Listrik Chevron,” Tribun Pekanbaru, 14 Sept. 2009.
334 Ibid.
335 Chevron Corp., “Indonesia Fact Sheet,” Mar. 2010.
336 Umi Kalsum, “Chevron Produces 11 Billion Barrels of Oil,” RABU, February 18, 2009, VIVAnews.
337 Oil Watch. Chevron: the right hand of empire (2006) 80–81.
338 Ibid. at 81.
339 East Timor and Indonesian Action Network, “Background on Kopassus and Brimob,” 2008; Human Rights Watch, Indonesia: Out of Sight: Endemic Abuse and Impunity in Papua’s Central Highlands, Vol. 19, No. 10(C), July 2007.
340 Oil Watch (2006) at 80–81.
341 Derita Anak Sakai Interview with Bathin Musa, head of Sakai tribe.
342 Parsudi Suparlan, Orang Sakai di Riau: Masyarakat terasing dalam masyarakat Indonesia, (Yayasan Obor, 1995) 93.
343 Moszkowski, 1911.
344 Ahmad Arif and Agnes Rita Sulistywati, “Sayap Patah Para Sakai,” Kompas, 24 Apr. 2007.
345 Robert Weissman, “Caltex Corporate Colony: How an oil consortium pollutes Indonesia,” Multinational Monitor 1993, 15(11).
346 Ibid.
347 Riau Mandiri, “PT KLP Terbukti Cemari Lingkungan,” Posted on “Dari Atas” atau “Dari Bawah”: How an Oil Consortium Pollutes Indonesia Blog, 29 June 2007.
348 Ibid.
349 Radio Nederland Wereldomroep. “Chevron Dituduh Cemari Sungai di Riau,” 28 Feb. 2008.
350 BPK RI (The Audit Board of The Republic Indonesia). “The environmental impact analysis report”. August 2008.
351 “Chevron sangat komit dengan pencemaran lingkungan,” Riau Online, 3 June 2007.
352 Rudy Ariffianto, “UU lingkungan tekan produksi Chevron,” Bisnis Indonesia, 27 Feb. 2010.
353 Ibid.
354 “Government requests delay on new environment law,” Tempo Interaktif, 25 Feb. 2010.

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